#Solution chemistry calculator serial
#Solution chemistry calculator series

When you dilute a solution, you are either adding solvent or removing solute. In chemistry today we use dilutions to ensure accurate results when conducting experiments or tests in labs. Dilution goes all the way back to Ancient Greece where philosophers were mixing wine with water so that they could not tell if they had just been served expensive wine or cheap wine. This can be used in many ways, including making precise measurements, changing concentrations and pH, and creating new volumes. What is dilution?ĭilution is the process of one solution being added to another solution. Dilutions are used in chemistry to make precise measurements, change concentrations and pH, and create new volumes.

As six tubes are used, the final dilution for the bacteria/cells will be 10 -6 (1 in 1,000,000).A solution can be diluted by adding more solvent or by removing solvent or solute, or both.

The same process is then repeated for the remaining tube, taking 1 ml from the previous tube and adding it to the next 9 ml diluents.

The second tube now has a total dilution factor of 10 -2.

Now, 1 ml of mixture is taken from the 10 -1 dilution and is emptied into the second tube.

The pipette tip is discarded, and a new pipette tip is attached to the pipette.

The dilution is thoroughly mixed by emptying and filling the pipette several times.

This provides an initial dilution of 10 -1. The sample is then added to the first tube to make the total volume of 10 ml.1 ml of properly mixed sample/culture is drawn into the pipette.The sample/culture is taken in a test tube and six test tubes, each with 9 ml of sterile diluents, which can either be distilled water or 0.9% saline, are taken.The following is the procedure for a ten-fold dilution of a sample to a dilution factor of 10 -6: Total dilution factor = previous dilution × dilution of next tube

Total dilution factor for the second tube = dilution of first tube × dilution of the second tube.įor the first tube, dilution factor = 10 -1 (1 ml added to 9 ml)įor the second tube, dilution factor = 10 -1 (1ml added to 9 ml).After the first tube, each tube is the dilution of the previous dilution tube.In this case, the dilution factor for that test tube will be: The dilution factor of each tube in a set:įor a ten-fold dilution, 1 ml of sample is added to 9 ml of diluent.

#Solution chemistry calculator serial

The dilution factor in a serial dilution can be determined either for an individual test tube or can be calculated as a total dilution factor in the entire series.Serial two-fold and ten-fold dilutions are commonly used to titer antibodies or prepare diluted analytes in the laboratory.In contrast, for a less contaminated sample, a low dilution factor might be sufficient. For e.g., if a water sample is taken from an extremely polluted environment, the dilution factor is increased. Depending on the estimated concentration of cells/organisms in a sample, the extent of dilution is determined.

#Solution chemistry calculator series

Then, a small measured volume of each dilution is used to make a series of pour or spread plates.

Serial dilution involves the process of taking a sample and diluting it through a series of standard volumes of sterile diluent, which can either be distilled water or 0.9 % saline.